About Subnetting

Hello..we've met again,
i'm sorry to late posting,cause i'm busy now.
ok now i'll posting the article about subnetting.

In each company that had the network must have the computer more than one possibly 100 or 200 computers. So that this Computer could be connected with smooth then must we must use subnetting.
The function from subnetting this that is:
1. Reduced the network traffic, so as the data that through in the company will not collide (collision) or stalled.
2. Optimasi indicated the work of the network
3. The management that was simplified
4. Helped the development of the network to the side of the geographical distance that moved further away, the WAN example that used the different intercity network

SUBNET Mask the C Default class was :255.255.255.0
SUBNET Mask the B Default class was :255.255.0.0
SUBNET Mask the A Default class was :255.0.0.0

For IP adress the A class could not use the B class sub-net likewise was the reverse.
If you had found the term 255.0.0.0/8
the intention from this term was, the sub-net mask 255,0,0,0 had bit that was active (the figure 1) totalling 8. The figure 8 after the character of ‘/’ show the number of figures 1. In fact the sub-net mask consisted of the sum - The binary sum, for
example 255,0,0,0 if being converted to binary then to

11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000

Because of that his writing to 255.0.0.0/8.
The other example was 255.255.255.224/27 if being converted to binary then will become

11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000

Wanted more was easy counted subneting was that every like this with subneting must be fortunate... he.. he OK please download then software that was given by us to facilitate you in counted subneting.please searched in website this in the part download software.
Read More......

WLAN : Wireless Networking

WLAN allows you at home to share an Internet connection in all rooms,
without having to drill holes and put in Network cables between all
the room.
In such cases, you would use a WLAN Router, often available as
combination unit of WLAN-router and DSL / ADSL modem.
using a Wireless Access-point,
networks can be configured with
systems connected via cables and
via Wireless connections.

Such wireless connections are
often used in offices, where users
with notebooks need to be able
to move between different rooms
and need to continue to be connected
to the network without having the
need to re-connect to a network
cable (for example: in conference rooms).

Like networking via coax-cable (10base2) or via coax-cables (10baseT / 100baseT / 1000baseT),
WLAN networking is a world-wide standard :

802.11b : maximum bandwidth : 11 Mbps
802.11g : maximum bandwidth : 54 Mbps

Most 802.11g installations allow dual-speed operations, allowing wireless connection of
802.11b - 11Mbps clients and of 802.11g - 54 Mbps clients.

At this time ( Sept.2003), 802.11g devices are still more expensive than 802.11b devices,
so which one should you buy ?
- for home to share an Internet connection : 802.11b is sufficient, since it is still faster than
most cable-modems or DSL/ADSL connection.
- for office use, where you need to copy via the network large files, use 802.11g.
source by : Windows Networking
Read More......

How to ''Quickly'' Test DNS Resolution

Checking Name Resolution 101
This article is laid out so that it will show you how to not only use the tools, but also how to pick them. This is helpful because to just learn the tool’s name and all the switches you can use with it may not be particularly helpful to you if you don’t know when you would use a particular switch with a command. I have seen this a million times in books that are trying to drill this information into your head so that you remember it, problem is, if there is no scenario, you know, a real world – in the pits – scenario, pure memorization of the tool and its switches becomes pointless then because although you may have them memorized, how would you use them to resolve problems?
Consider Ping. Why would you use a Ping command with a ( -a ) switch? Let’s consider a problem where you would have to test DNS resolution, a user can’t get to an Internet website. Now, I know there are many ways you can test to establish what the problem is but let’s assume we wanted to quickly see if DNS was the problem, we isolated the problem that far, it’s definitely something wrong with DNS resolution. The DNS Cache was also flushed (ipconfig /flushdns which purges the DNS Resolver cache). So now, we will quickly test DNS with Ping? Yes, Ping with a particular switch can be used to solve a problem such as ‘why can’t we get to that URL, http://compIntranet?’ Well, do you know if you have DNS resolution such as a HOST file entry or the company DNS server assignments in the TCP/IP configuration properties configured via a DHCP server? Test DNS on your local PC to make sure you aren’t the problem first. If you get a complaint that users can’t get to http://compIntranet then you should make sure that you aren’t the problem first. Make sure you have DNS resolution. You can do this many ways, but one of the ways you can do it with the Ping command is with the ping –a ip_address command which will try to query resolve DNS to find out what the host name is.
You have to see if DNS resolution is working you can see if the DNS server you are configured to query knows what it’s talking about. Using the NSLOOKUP command shows this information.

C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32>nslookupDefault Server: ns3.srv.hcvlny.cv.netAddress: 167.206.112.3
> www.yahoo.comServer: ns3.srv.hcvlny.cv.netAddress: 167.206.112.3
Non-authoritative answer:Name: www.yahoo.akadns.netAddresses: 216.109.118.74, 216.109.118.75, 216.109.118.77, 216.109.117.110 216.109.117.204, 216.109.117.205, 216.109.118.69, 216.109.118.71Aliases: www.yahoo.com


When I query my local DNS server, I can see that Yahoo.com has multiple IP addresses that can be used.
Now, it’s possible to ping with the –a switch to also verify if DNS resolution is work. Pinging Yahoo’s IP address with the –a switch produces the DNS name of the system.

C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32>ping -a 216.109.118.74
Pinging p11.www.dcn.yahoo.com [216.109.118.74] with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 216.109.118.74: bytes=32 time=22ms TTL=51Reply from 216.109.118.74: bytes=32 time=25ms TTL=51Reply from 216.109.118.74: bytes=32 time=27ms TTL=51Reply from 216.109.118.74: bytes=32 time=32ms TTL=51
Ping statistics for 216.109.118.74: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 22ms, Maximum = 32ms, Average = 26ms

Although a simple example of using command line tools, we were able to also see why we would want to use them. See, so this guide does just sound like a machine telling you that ping is a command line tool that uses the ICMP echo protocol to send packets to … blah, blah, and blah! It’s a useful guide to help you understand why you would use them as well. It also shows you why you would use such switches that are available with the most common tools! Hopefully this will help you know when to use each one and help you create that precision needed in your troubleshooting steps. We will be back next time with some command line tool tips.

Source by : Windows Networking Read More......

How to Optimize Network Connections in Windows XP

As I just mentioned, you should check into adjusting your network connections for optimal performance and security. You can check them easily and quickly by opening up your Network Connections Dialog Box (as seen in Figure 1).

You can do this by:

On the desktop right click My Network Places and select Properties from the menu
Go to Start => Control Panel and selecting the Network Connections applet

Picture 1

You can configure advanced settings from Advanced Settings menu option on the Advanced menu of the Network Connections folder. This will allow you to access the settings for all the network connections that you see listed in Figure 1. Once you select this menu option, you will open the Advanced Settings dialog box as seen in Picture 2.

Picture 2

Please note that by looking at and modifying these network settings, you will improve performance on your system. You see quite a few connections listed in the ‘Connections’ field of the Advanced Settings dialog box. Within this section, you can see to the right of it, an up arrow and a down arrow. By selecting a connection simply by clicking on it to highlight it, you can either move that connection entry up or down in the order. The top of the order would show the most frequently used, while the least used should be towards the bottom of the list. The bindings of the protocols are key here also. You can select each entry in the Connections’ field of the Advanced Settings dialog box and either remove File and Print Sharing (which is a hardening technique if you don’t need the sharing on) and remove any unneeded protocols bound to that connection. You can also move the binding order up or down in the same way in case you had multiple protocols bound to a connection and you used one protocol more than the other. For example, if you wanted to use TCP/IP more frequently than IPX/SPX, you can move TCP/IP to the top of the list and move IPX/SPX to the bottom of the binding order.

Remember - changing the provider order and changing the order of protocols bound to those providers will improve performance.

To modify the protocol bindings order:

Open Network Connections as indicated in the steps listed at the beginning of this article.
On the Advanced menu, select Advanced Settings
In Connections, highlight a connection that you want to move, or modify.
That’s it! It isn’t much more difficult than that.

Picture 3

A couple of things to note is that you must log on as a member of the Administrators group to change the protocol bindings order, as well, you should not have to reboot the system to make the changes.

Another note is that, there is no discrimination between technologies either – whatever is used most should be selected. For instance, in Figure 4, you can see that most of them time I would utilize Wireless on my laptop so I would want to make that connection first, and then utilize TCP/IP for Microsoft based networks based on the fact that is primarily what it is I work with.

Picture 4

This is best optimized for my needs. I also removed File and Print Sharing because it’s just not needed on my system and creates another way for my system to be exploited or penetrated.

Modify the Network Provider Order
To modify the network provider order:

Open Network Connections
Click the connection you want to modify, and on the Advanced menu, click Advanced Settings.
On the Provider Order tab, in Network Providers, click the provider you want to move up or down in the list, and then click the Up or Down button.
Note:

To open Network Connections, click Start, click Control Panel, click Network and Internet Connections, and then click Network Connections.
Network providers are accessed in the order they appear in this list.
To modify the network provider order, you must be logged on as a member of the Administrators group.

Picture 5

Source by : windows networking Read More......

Welcome To The New Future

Technology is the process by which humans modify nature to meet their needs and wants. Most people, however, think of technology in terms of its artifacts: computers and software, aircraft, pesticides, water-treatment plants, birth-control pills, and microwave ovens, to name a few. But technology is more than these tangible products.

The Futures Learning Section is an emerging group committed to all forms of futures learning from traditional academic learning at all levels to profit and non-profit organizational futures training and beyond.

Read More......